Zoonotic pathogens are infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, that are transmitted from animals to humans. Zoonoses were reported to be responsible for over 200 types of diseases impacting human health, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), making them a major global health threat. Major outbreaks originate from animal hosts such as COVID-19, Ebola, the Nipah virus, and avian influenza (H5N1), which highlights how interconnected human and animal health truly are. Zoonotic pathogens are becoming increasingly threatening. Many factors bring humans and animals into increasingly close contact and raise the risks. Climate change, urbanization, global travel, and the destruction of wildlife habitats are the main ones. Without better early detection and intervention strategies, the next international crisis could already be silently brewing in a remote forest, farm, or market, waiting for the right moment to erupt.
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